# Sanitary Napkin Raw Materials: Key Components and Their Functions

Introduction to Sanitary Napkin Components

Sanitary napkins are essential feminine hygiene products designed to absorb menstrual flow. Understanding their raw materials helps consumers make informed choices about comfort, safety, and environmental impact. Modern sanitary pads consist of multiple layers, each serving specific functions to ensure protection, comfort, and hygiene.

Core Absorbent Layer

The absorbent core is the most crucial component of a sanitary napkin. Typically made from:

• Wood pulp: Natural cellulose fibers that provide excellent liquid absorption
• SAP (Super Absorbent Polymer): Synthetic material that can absorb many times its weight in liquid
• Cotton blend: Some premium products use organic cotton for better skin compatibility

Top Sheet Materials

The top layer that contacts the skin is designed for quick liquid passage and dryness:

• Non-woven fabric: Most common choice – breathable and soft
• Perforated film: Creates a dry surface feel
• Cotton cover: Used in premium products for superior comfort

Back Sheet Components

The bottom layer prevents leaks and maintains hygiene:

• PE (Polyethylene) film: Standard waterproof backing
• Breathable microporous film: Allows air circulation while preventing leaks
• Biodegradable materials: Emerging eco-friendly options like PLA (polylactic acid)

Additional Functional Components

Modern sanitary napkins may include:

• Adhesive strips: For secure placement in underwear
• Wings: Extra side flaps for better protection
• Odor control agents: Such as activated charcoal or baking soda
• Aloe vera or chamomile: For skin soothing properties

Safety and Quality Considerations

Manufacturers must ensure:

• Hypoallergenic materials to prevent irritation
• Absence of harmful chemicals like dioxins or chlorine
• Proper sterilization during production
• Compliance with international safety standards

Environmental Impact and Alternatives

With growing environmental awareness, manufacturers are developing:

• Biodegradable sanitary napkins
• Organic cotton options
• Reusable cloth pads
• Compostable packaging

Understanding these components helps women choose products that align with their comfort needs, health concerns, and environmental values.